The financial aid office of a university asks a sample of students about their employment and earnings. The report says that “for academic year earnings, a significant difference (p =

The financial aid office of a university asks a sample of students about their employment and earnings. The report says that “for academic year earnings, a significant difference (p = 0.038) was found between the sexes, with men earning more on the average. No difference (p = 0.476) was found between the earnings of African-American and white students.” Explain both of these conclusions, for the effects of sex and of race on mean earnings, in language understandable to someone who knows no statistics. Reference: